Ear, nose, and throat (ENT),or Otorhinolaryngology, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS) is a surgical subspeciality within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Patients seek treatment for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck.

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that looks inside your stomach or pelvis. Healthcare providers use laparoscopies to diagnose medical conditions or perform surgery. Surgery using a laparoscope is called laparoscopic surgery. It’s generally safer than traditional surgery because it’s less invasive.

Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure to diagnose and treat your joint’s structural problems, which often cause pain, instability or other dysfunction. The surgeon uses an arthroscope, a long, thin tube with a video camera and light on the end.

Hysteroscopy is a procedure that allows a surgeon to look inside of your uterus in order to diagnose and treat the causes of abnormal bleeding. Hysteroscopy is done using a hysteroscope, a thin, lighted tube that’s inserted into your vagina to examine your cervix and the inside of your uterus. An operative hysteroscopy can be used to remove polyps, fibroids and adhesions.

Cystoscopy is a procedure providers use to diagnose and treat urinary tract problems. You might need cystoscopy if you have blood in your pee, painful urination, leaking pee or an inability to pee. During a cystoscopy, a urologist uses a scope to view the inside of your bladder and urethra.

The current endoscopy technology is very good in the animal field. There are gastroscope & colonoscope that can be used in gastroenterology, laparoscopy for birth control, hysterectomy, etc.